Carriage of dangerous goods by sea

Carriage of  dangerous goods by sea

Goods ‘s transportation is essential to international sale of goods[1] .The carriage of dangerous goods by sea, since the a few of  dangerous goods were carried by sea until the part of 19^th century.The unique  rules had not been regarded as a necessary.Therefore,the first noticeable reference to rule realting with dangerous goods arise in the British Merchant Shipping Act,1894[2].

In addition , around the world increase gradually an accident from movement of carriage of dangerous goods by sea. It has more risk such as explosions ,pollution, container ships, spillages and potential danger as well[3].

The regulation in the particular of this carriage will reduce the risk.For example ,the special rules of carriage contracts which will issue a regulation in security concern as dangerous goods could be mechanism for terrorist attacks[4].

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[1] I Carr, International Trade Law   (3^rd edn, London ,2005) 116

[2]M.D. Guner-Ozbek,The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea (Turkey,2007) 5

[3]M.D. Guner-Ozbek,(n2) 5

[4] M.D. Guner-Ozbek,(n3) 6

This clip's video doesn't relate with this Agency directly but It relate with the method and how to carriage dangerous goods by sea such as they showed that they will seperate the dangerous goods by dividing the container and also use a differnt label on there before they load at ship .Therefore, this law will indicate the rule for carriage dangerous goods by sea .

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‘Is Fairtrade fair? the case for and against the establishment of Fairtrade initiatives’.

First of all , Fairtrade initiatives as an mechanism which permit the poor people who come from developing country to cooperate as a corporation in their country for entering the global market in order to selling their commodities such as coffee or other organic goods under the condition of Fairtrade label.They will gain advantage from this organization and also their commodities can export to ‘market niche’ in Europe and North America[1].

Next,Fairtrade have imposed criterion for guarantee that almost parties are engaging in the plan  in a trustworthy and voluntary method .It can show that with FLO(Fairtrade Label Organisation) establishing inadequately imposeed standards from deliberate decrees to regulation, the legality of fair-trade demoralized[2].

However  , Fairtrade is as  a voluntary for consumer-driven campaign which is  a free market system for them as a mechanisms for processed commodities.It cannot be dislike to this free market[3].

Besides,  Fairtrade does not issue the root causes of poverty.  Some economists claimed that low prices for basic commodities  ; for example ,coffee that result from oversupply. Furthermore  ,Fairtrade also does not guarantee access to investment or technology because of having only a tiny volume of the world trade relative to the total volume[4].

In Addition,  poor people of developing world will get  more profit margin. Fairtrade also pay a price to  farmers for a higher than market price  After that it can occur  overproduction . They concern only to the plight of poor farmers ,farm workers, and producers in developing countries[5] .

Ultimately, Fairtrade producers can progress their global level economy by training and the improvement of associations based on reliance and cooperation as well[6].

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[1] G Fridell , Fair Trade Coffee (The prospects and pitfalls of market-driven social justice, Toronto, 2007) 85

[2] K Macdonald and S Marshall,Fair Trade, Corporate Accountability and Beyond   (Experiment in globalizing Justice.Australia,2007) 132

[3] K Macdonald and S Marshall (n3) 132

[4] Schaffer , Agusti and Earle, International Business Law and Environment (7^th edn, South-Western 2009,2005) 430

[5] Schaffer , Agusti and Earle (n5) 430

[6] G Fridell (n1) 85-86

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